@unpublished{kurepository34,
            year = {2025},
            note = {Unpublished},
       booktitle = {Feria de Investigaci{\'o}n},
           title = {Research Project for the Course of Undergraduate Research in International Relations},
           month = {November},
           pages = {1--23},
          author = {Cruzado Largaespada, Nydia Monserrat},
             url = {https://kurepository.keiseruniversity.edu.ni/id/eprint/34/},
        abstract = {While the IMF presents the intention of aiding poverty reduction by promoting economic growth, research shows that its presence might cause more harm than good due to the conditionality it sets for countries. However, due to a lack of regionalized studies, this research intended to cover the gap by determining the effects of entering an IMF lending program for the countries of Latin America, as well as determining if the creation of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) in 2000 had any positive effects in decreasing poverty. The hypothesis was that borrowing from the IMF causes an increase in the levels of poverty of Latin American countries. The method applied was a multiple regression analysis of a panel data set of 17 Latin American countries over the years 2001-2021, using the poverty line of \$3 a day and its poverty gap as the measurements of poverty. With the application of an instrumental variable, the study was able to address endogeneity bias and calculate the causal effects of IMF lending. The study found that IMF presence increases the poverty line by 23.53\% and the poverty gap by 11.02\% in the year the program started, with such effects lasting for up to two years, and by the third year, there was no effect on poverty. This means that the PRGF didn't accomplish its intended purpose in Latin America, and it rather increased levels of poverty for two years. These results can have certain implications on how countries in the region will address their current debt, as well as serve to analyze considerations of future borrowing from the IMF. 
---------------------
Si bien el FMI presenta la intenci{\'o}n de ayudar a reducir la pobreza mediante la promoci{\'o}n del crecimiento econ{\'o}mico, las investigaciones demuestran que su presencia podr{\'i}a causar m{\'a}s da{\~n}o que beneficio debido a las condiciones que impone a los pa{\'i}ses. Sin embargo, debido a la falta de estudios regionalizados, esta investigaci{\'o}n pretend{\'i}a cubrir esa laguna determinando los efectos de la adhesi{\'o}n a un programa de pr{\'e}stamos del FMI para los pa{\'i}ses de Am{\'e}rica Latina, as{\'i} como determinando si la creaci{\'o}n del Servicio para el Crecimiento y la Lucha contra la Pobreza (SCLP) en 2000 tuvo alg{\'u}n efecto positivo en la reducci{\'o}n de la pobreza. La hip{\'o}tesis era que los pr{\'e}stamos del FMI provocan un aumento de los niveles de pobreza de los pa{\'i}ses latinoamericanos. El m{\'e}todo aplicado fue un an{\'a}lisis de regresi{\'o}n m{\'u}ltiple de un conjunto de datos de panel de 17 pa{\'i}ses latinoamericanos durante los a{\~n}os 2001-2021, utilizando el umbral de pobreza de 3 d{\'o}lares al d{\'i}a y su brecha de pobreza como medidas de la pobreza. Mediante la aplicaci{\'o}n de una variable instrumental, el estudio pudo abordar el sesgo de endogeneidad y calcular los efectos causales de los pr{\'e}stamos del FMI. El estudio revel{\'o} que la presencia del FMI aumenta el umbral de pobreza en un 23,53 \% y la brecha de pobreza en un 11,02 \% en el a{\~n}o en que se inici{\'o} el programa, con efectos que se prolongan hasta dos a{\~n}os, y que al tercer a{\~n}o no se observaba ning{\'u}n efecto sobre la pobreza. Esto significa que el PRGF no logr{\'o} su objetivo previsto en Am{\'e}rica Latina, sino que aument{\'o} los niveles de pobreza durante dos a{\~n}os. Estos resultados pueden tener ciertas implicaciones en la forma en que los pa{\'i}ses de la regi{\'o}n abordar{\'a}n su deuda actual, as{\'i} como servir para analizar consideraciones sobre futuros pr{\'e}stamos del FMI.},
        keywords = {IMF, inequality, poverty, Latin America. FMI, desigualdad, pobreza, Am{\'e}rica Latina}
}